SHU [守] (following traditional wisdom)
Focuses on learning and preserving traditional wisdom. Students repeat basic forms and techniques to build a strong foundation.
A novice must first obey the kata (forms): bowing, mokuso, dojo cleaning, etc. These precise rituals, transmitted from sensei, were to be imitated exactly, without alteration.
1. Grade School (Elementary) → basic foundations. 10th kyu to 5th kyu
2. Middle School → pattern and form in accordance with set requirements and no deviation learning. 6th kyu to 1st kyu
HA [破] (breaking away from tradition)
Involves breaking away from strict adherence to tradition, must understand why each form existed, not just copying. Students begin to innovate and explore new approaches while understanding the overall structure of their learning.
3. High School → advanced general education. Entering the free-form creative efforts. 1st dan to 3rd dan
4. University → broad + specialized higher education. 3rd dan to 5th dan
RI [離] (transcending to a state of fluid, intuitive action)
Represents transcendence, where students move beyond formal techniques. Thoughts and Actions become fluid and intuitive, allowing for personal creative expression and mastery. To develop an expression of one’s natural character — spontaneous, without clinging to either rigidity or arbitrary innovation.
5. Bachelor’s → undergraduate degree. 6th dan to 8th dan
6. Master’s → specialized, advanced study. 8th dan & 9th dan
7. Doctoral → research or professional highest-level qualification. 10th dan +
The concept of Shuhari has roots in early Japanese theater and poetry, particularly in Noh and the tea ceremony. It was first articulated by Fuhaku Kawakami in the context of the Way of Tea and later integrated into martial arts philosophies, including Aikido. The term Shu-Ha-Ri, literally meaning “obey / detach / separate,” originally stems from military doctrine—specifically gunpō or war strategies—but it began its cultural journey into Japanese arts through the Way of Tea.
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